WHAT IS SARCOMA?

Sarcoma is a rare and diverse type of cancer that originates in the connective tissues of the body, including bones, muscles, tendons, and cartilage. Unlike more common cancers that develop in epithelial tissues, sarcomas arise in the mesenchymal tissues. Sarcomas can occur in any part of the body and are classified into two main types:

soft tissue sarcomas – develop in the soft, supportive tissues
bone sarcomas – affect the skeletal system.

SOFT TISSUE SARCOMA

Soft tissue sarcomarepresents a diverse group of cancers originating in the body’s soft, supportive tissues, excluding bone and cartilage. This class of malignancies encompasses various subtypes, each posing distinct challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Soft tissue sarcomas comprise over 50 subtypes. Some common subtypes include:

Leiomyosarcoma: Originating in smooth muscle cells, often found in the uterus, abdomen, or blood vessels.
Liposarcoma: Developing in fat cells, frequently occurring in the thighs or abdomen.
Fibrosarcoma: Arising from fibrous tissues, commonly affecting deep layers of the skin, tendons, or ligaments.
Synovial Sarcoma: Affecting the joints, commonly found in the arms or legs.
Rhabdomyosarcoma: Developing in skeletal muscle cells, predominantly occurring in children.

BONE SARCOMA

Bone sarcoma, a rare and formidable cancer, originates within the bone tissues, presenting distinctive complexities in diagnosis and treatment. This category of malignancies encompasses diverse subtypes, each characterized by unique features, underlying causes, and risk factors. Bone sarcomas manifest in various subtypes:

Osteosarcoma: Primarily emerging in the long bones, such as the arms and legs, often centering around the knee.
Chondrosarcoma: Originating in the cartilage, frequently found in the pelvis, hip, or shoulder.
Ewing sarcoma: Predominantly occurring in bones but also capable of affecting soft tissues, with a higher incidence in children and young adults

PREVALENCE

Soft tissue sarcomas are more common than bone sarcomas. Sarcomas can occur in individuals of all ages, however are most common in teenagers and young adults. There are over 80 subtypes of sarcoma, each with its unique characteristics. Sarcomas are relatively rare, comprising approximately 1% of all adult cancers. Approximately 20% of childhood cancer diagnoses are attributed to sarcoma, positioning it among the most prevalent cancers in children. Sarcoma comprises up to 10% of cancer cases in adolescents and young adults (aged 15-25).

SYMPTOMS

Intermittent pain, tenderness or swelling
Lumps
Reduced and painful movement
Fever or night sweats
Unexpected weight loss

The information provided here is intended to raise awareness of potential symptoms associated with sarcoma. It is important to understand that experiencing these symptoms does not necessarily mean you have sarcoma, as they could be related to many other conditions. However, if you have persistent or unexplained symptoms, it is crucial to consult with a medical professional and undergo the appropriate tests. Sarcoma is a rare disease, but 'rare' does not mean 'impossible.' If you suspect something unusual, trust your instincts and get checked. Your health matters, and early intervention can make a difference.

RESOURCES

Resources for newly diagnosed sarcoma patients, as well as their caregivers and family members:

Australia and New Zealand Sarcoma Association

ANZSA is a dedicated organization providing resources and support for individuals affected by sarcoma, including information on diagnosis, treatment, and research.

Cancer Council Australia

The Cancer Council provides general information on cancer, including sarcoma, and offers resources for patients and carers. Feel free to reach out to Cancer Council at 13 11 20, a helpline open to everyone – cancer patients, individuals living with cancer, families, caregivers, friends, teachers, students, and healthcare professionals alike.

Chris O’Brien Lifehouse Sarcoma Centre

The Chris O’Brien Lifehouse Sarcoma Centre in Sydney is dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment, and care of individuals with sarcoma.

Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre - Sarcoma Service

Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre in Melbourne has a specialized Sarcoma Service providing comprehensive care, and their website may offer resources and information.

National Cancer Control Initiative (NCCI)

NCCI works towards improving cancer control in Australia and may offer resources and information related to sarcoma.

eVIQ Sarcoma

Evidence-based cancer treatment guidelines for sarcoma.

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